Application of extended Weibull distribution and triangular function for optimizing electrical parameters of solar cells with nanotechnology-enhanced modeling and nanoscale optimization approaches

Efficiency and reliability enhancement in solar cell technology is essential for accelerating the global transition toward sustainable and renewable energy systems. This study focuses on optimizing the key electrical parameters of solar cells—short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η)—to improve performance under varying environmental conditions. To achieve this, the Extended Weibull Distribution and the Triangular Function are employed as robust analytical tools. The Extended Weibull Distribution effectively captures the stochastic and temperature-dependent behavior of solar cell performance, allowing accurate statistical modeling and reliable parameter extraction. In parallel, the Triangular Function is used to model I–V characteristics due to its simplicity and ability to approximate nonlinear behavior while reducing computational complexity. Experimental and computational analyses confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Temperature-dependent results reveal that efficiency reaches a maximum of 0.55 with high reliability (0.94) at 5 °C, decreases at moderate temperatures, and exhibits fluctuating efficiency and reliability at higher temperatures, highlighting temperature sensitivity as a critical performance factor.  Furthermore, the integration of the fuzzy set method enhances reliability analysis by accounting for uncertainty and variability in operating conditions. The fuzzy approach provides a flexible reliability range, from 0.99 at low temperatures to 0.81 at 70 °C, complementing traditional statistical methods. Overall, this comprehensive framework offers valuable insights for developing more efficient, reliable, and adaptable solar cells for real-world applications. In addition, nanotechnology-based approaches, including nanoscale material engineering and nano-enabled modeling techniques, can further enhance parameter optimization, improve charge transport, and increase the overall efficiency and reliability of solar cells under varying environmental conditions.