ABSTRACT The Red Sea, a critical artery for global maritime trade, has experienced significant disruption since November 2023 due to a surge in Houthi attacks on commercial shipping. These actions—publicly framed by the Houthis as linked to the Gaza conflict—have led to substantial increases in shipping costs, extended transit times, and heightened war‐risk premiums, profoundly impacting global supply chains and economic stability. This study examines the Houthi campaign through the analytical lens of naval and coercive diplomacy, highlighting how non‐state actors can leverage geopolitical tensions to influence international commerce. The research analyzes both the operational evolution of the attacks and their economic repercussions. In fact, the study demonstrates that the disruptions have triggered vessel rerouting, increased logistics costs, and heightened uncertainty across global trade networks. It underscores the urgent need for comprehensive approaches that address the multifaceted geopolitical factors contributing to regional instability, advocating for diplomatic resolutions to secure this vital maritime corridor and ensure the resilience of global trade.
Siham Matallah (2026) studied this question.