Influence of Laptop Bag Carrying Methods on Joint Dynamics

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affect muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal structures, and are frequently associated with occupational and load-carrying activities. Among these, the use of laptop bags represents a common daily load condition that may contribute to abnormal joint loading and subsequent musculoskeletal strain. Prolonged or improper carrying of external loads increases mechanical stress on the musculoskeletal system, potentially leading to joint overuse, soft-tissue fatigue, and lower-limb or spinal discomfort. Evidence from load-carrying populations, such as military personnel, indicates a high prevalence of injuries including lower back pain, knee instability, stress fractures, and shoulder strain, with the lower back and lower extremities being the most affected regions. These findings highlight the biomechanical risks associated with repetitive or sustained load carriage in daily life. This study reviews the effects of different laptop bag carrying styles on joint dynamics, emphasizing how variations in load distribution may influence joint stress and injury risk. Understanding these effects is essential for developing ergonomic strategies that minimize musculoskeletal strain and improve long-term joint health in individuals who regularly carry laptop bags