Effects of different planting patterns on soil microbial community diversity of Carya illinoensis

Objective The effects of soil microbial community diversity on different planting patterns of Carya illinoensis with medicinal plants were investigated to determine appropriate patterns. Method High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze，the changes of alpha diversity，beta diversity，community structure and correlations with soil environmental factors of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microorganisms under Carya illinoensis+Salvia miltiorrhiza，Carya illinoensis +Belamcanda and monoculture planting patterns for 3 years. Result There was no significant difference in the ACE，Chao1，Shannon，and Simpson indices of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil among Carya illinoensis+Salvia miltiorrhiza， Carya illinoensis +Belamcanda and monoculture，but the interplanting was improved compared with diversity indices.In the bacterial community，Pseudomonadotaand Acidobacteriota were significantly dominant fungal phyla，compared with monoculture，the relative abundance of pseudomonadota was decreased and Acidobacteriota was increased in interplanting Salvia miltiorrhiza and shoot soil.α-Proteobacteria，β-Proteobacteria，Gp 6 group，Gp 4 group and Thermoleophilia were the significantly dominant groups.Compared with single cropping，the relative abundance of α -proteobacteria and β-proteobacteria was reduced in interplanting Salvia miltiorrhiza and shoot soil，and the relative abundance of Gp 6 group，Gp 4 group and Thermoleophilia was increased.The soil bacteria in different cultivation patterns were dominated by Unclassified，Gp6，Gp4 and Gp3.The relative abundance of Gp6 and Gp4 was higher in intercropping Belamcanda chinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza than in single cropping.In the fungal community，Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were significantly dominant bacteria.Compared with single cropping，the relative abundance of interplanting Salvia miltiorrhiza and shoot soil was significantly increased，and Basidiomycota decreased significantly.Agaricomycetes，Sordariomycetes，Dothideomyce，Mortierellomycetes and Eurotiomycetes were the significantly dominant groups.Compared with non-intercropping，the relative abundance of Agaricomycetes significantly decreased，while the relative abundances of Sordariomycetes，Dothideomycetes，and Mortierellomycetes significantly increased.The soil fungi were dominated by Unclassified，Mortierella and Fusarium.The relative abundance of Mortierella and Fusarium was higher in intercropping Belamcanda chinensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza than in single cropping. pH and sucrase were important environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial communities. Conclusion The planting patterns of Carya illinoensis+Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carya illinoensis +Belamcandachinensis significantly affect soil microbial community structure，can improve the soil organic matter content and promote the transformation of soil insoluble phosphorus into effective phosphorus. At the same time，there may be continuous cropping obstacles，so crop rotation pattern is recommended.