This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBPs) circulating in diverse dog populations in Thailand by using molecular diagnostic methods. A total of 400 blood samples were collected from four groups (n = 100 each): stray dogs (Group A), vector-borne disease–suspected companion dogs (Group B), healthy companion dogs presenting for routine examination (Group C), and companion dogs presenting with non-vector-borne illnesses (Group D). The overall infection rate was 46.25%. Ehrlichia spp. were the most frequently detected pathogens (23.5%), followed by Babesia spp. (16.5%), Rickettsia spp. (15.0%), and Anaplasma spp. (11.5%). The prevalence differed markedly among groups, including group A (88.0%), group B (54.0%), group C (27.0%) and group D (16.0%) (p < 0.05). DNA sequence analysis showed 100% identity with GenBank™ reference sequences, confirming the presence of Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia asembonensis, Babesia vogeli, and Anaplasma platys. The detection of CVBPs across all groups demonstrates free-roaming and owned dogs serve as reservoirs for substantial ongoing infections and pose potential zoonotic implications to humans. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of sustained molecular surveillance, improved vector control strategies, and proactive monitoring of high-risk dog populations to reduce the burden of CVBPs in Thailand.
Pham et al. (2026) studied this question.