Rest mass is the focal deceleration εH(x, t) of the expanding 4D brane caused by bulk non-uniformities inherited from the parent black holes. The focal zone is not a static depression but a standing wave in a river of continuously arriving brane material persistent because the deceleration is re-enacted on each new element. Gravity is the brane current carrying other masses toward the deceleration sink. E = mc2 is derived as the kinetic energy of brane material arriving at speed c and decelerating to rest. The Planck constant h = ℓP ·mP ·c is the minimum phase-space area of the brane geometry the minimum action of one complete brane oscillation cycle. E = hν follows because a photon executes ν Planck-scale brane cycles per second at cost h per cycle. Light carries δH = 0: it is not in spacetime but is spacetime propagating. The brane oscillates at the Planck frequency νP = mP c2/h ≈1043 Hz; all observable light is low-frequency resonance of this underlying Planck oscillation. Part of the One-Octonion Brane-Bulk Framework series. Anchor DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19120873. Community: one-octonion-brane-bulk. Author: Bharathi Dasan Jagadeesan, M.D., University of Minnesota. ORCID: 0000-0002-1143-941X.
Bharathi Jagadeesan (2026) studied this question.