Probabilistic graphical models in astronomy

The field of astronomy has been experiencing a data explosion driven by significant advances in observational instrumentation, and classical methods often fall short of addressing the complexity of modern astronomical datasets. Probabilistic graphical models offer powerful tools for uncovering the dependence structures and data-generating processes underlying a wide array of cosmic variables. By representing variables as nodes in a network, these models allow for the visualization and analysis of the intricate relationships that underpin theories of hierarchical structure formation within the universe. We highlight the value that graphical models bring to astronomical research by demonstrating their practical application to the study of exoplanets and host stars.