Pulmonary Adenoleiomyomatous Hamartoma: Case Report of a Rare Entity With Comprehensive Literature Review

Pulmonary adenoleiomyomatous hamartomas represent a rare and intriguing entity in pulmonary pathology. This study presents a unique case of adenoleiomyomatous hamartoma along with a comprehensive analysis of 14 cases identified through a systematic review of the literature. A 69‐year‐old Caucasian female presented for evaluation of an incidentally discovered, PET nonavid and slow‐growing pleural‐based nodule in the medial aspect of the lower lobe of her right lung. The biopsy showed pulmonary parenchyma with chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hyperplasia. Subsequently, a diagnosis of pulmonary adenoleiomyomatous hamartoma was made on wedge resection after the exclusion of differential diagnoses. The literature review suggests a mean age of 54.5 ± 3.5 years at diagnosis and male predominance with a male‐to‐female ratio of 6:1. Follow‐up data on our patient and literature suggest a uniformly benign course. The key takeaways include the indolent radiologic growth pattern. From a pathologic standpoint, excluding mimics such as solitary fibrous tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, PEComa, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, mesothelial proliferations, and IgG4‐related diseases is crucial.