This TIMSS Item Diagnostic report is one of three educator resource documents. The three reports contain diagnostic analyses of Grade 9 Mathematics TIMSS items; Grade 9 Science TIMSS items and Grade 5 Numeracy TIMSS items. Two reports containing the highlights of the Grades 5 and 9 TIMSS results have also been published. The hope is that this report will further develop the capacity of our educators to benefit our learners in achieving their potential, thereby contributing to the science and innovation system, world of work and societal wellbeing in the longer term.
Human Sciences Research Council (2026) studied this question.