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May 26, 2026The Astronomical Journal0 citationsOpen Access

Direct Imaging Constraints on Binary Planets and Exomoons around Epsilon Indi A b

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MGMatson C. GarzaMLMary Anne LimbachRBRachel Bowens-Rubin

Key Points

  • This research examines the potential existence of binary planets and exomoons around the exoplanet Epsilon Indi A b using direct imaging techniques.
  • Analyzed archival JWST/MIRI 15 μm coronagraphic imaging data.
  • Compared single and double point-spread-function models using Bayesian evidence to characterize the system.
  • Constructed contrast curves to assess sensitivity to companions at various separations.
  • Preferred a double-PSF binary planet fit, requiring follow-up to confirm the interpretation.
  • Demonstrated sensitivity to companions as faint as 0.03× the flux of Eps Ind A b at separations greater than 2 au.
  • Identified sensitivity to companions 0.2× the flux down to 0.52 au (1.3 pixels; 144 mas).

Abstract

Abstract Epsilon Indi A b (hereafter Eps Ind A b) is a directly imaged ∼6 M Jup exoplanet orbiting a nearby (3.6 pc) K dwarf at ∼30 au. We analyze archival JWST/MIRI 15 μ m coronagraphic imaging of this planet to search for directly imaged satellites orbiting Eps Ind A b. Within the planet’s Hill sphere (radius R H ≈ 2.3 au or 1.3 λ / D ), we compare single and double point-spread-function (PSF) models using Bayesian evidence. We find that a double-PSF (binary planet) fit is preferred. This apparent preference can most plausibly be explained by systematics, although follow-up observations would be required to fully rule out a binary planet interpretation. We construct a contrast curve of the exoplanet after removing this feature, demonstrating sensitivity to companions as faint as 0.03× the F1550C flux of Eps Ind A b (equivalent to T = 130 K, 1.3 M Jup ) at large separations (> 2 au). We also demonstrate sensitivity to brighter companions 0.2× the F1550C flux of Eps Ind A b (equivalent to T = 180 K, 2.5 M Jup ) down to separations of 0.52 au (1.3 pixels; 0.29 λ / D ; 144 mas). This study demonstrates that JWST/MIRI can directly detect exomoons or binary planets inside the Hill sphere of directly imaged exoplanets orbiting neighboring stars.

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Cite This Study

Garza et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a153790b5d9c58d83e8bf0fhttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae5f69
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