Attenuation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in J774A.1 macrophages by phenylpropanoids and ursane triterpenes from Lavandula coronopifolia Poir.

Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the non-volatile constituents of Lavandula coronopifolia Poir has led to the isolation of seven compounds ( 1 – 7 ). 2α, 3 β , 23-Trihydroxyurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28- O-β - d -glucopyranoside ( 5 ) exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against A549 lung carcinoma, with EC 50 value of 11.5 µM, and showed no toxicity towards the normal HEK293T cells. The anti-inflammatory potential of 1 – 7 was assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774A.1 cells. Methyl rosmarinate ( 2 ), 1 β , 2 α , 3 β , 19 α , 23-pentahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid-28- O - β - d -glucopyranoside ( 3 ) and 2 α , 3 β , 23-trihydroxyurs-12, 19-dien-28-oic acid 28- O - β - d -glucopyranoside ( 6 ) effectively reduced cell migration as revealed by the scratch wound assay. They also altered cell morphology in a manner similar to dexamethasone. Furthermore, qPCR revealed that 2 , 3 and 6 significantly downregulated the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as compared to LPS-stimulated J774A.1 cells. The results highlight the potential of 2 , 3 and 6 for anti-inflammatory therapies and 5 as a candidate for lung cancer.