Background Chiari malformation type 2 (CM2) is a rare congenital anomaly that is frequently associated with spinal dysraphism in neonates. The simultaneous presentation of CM2 with hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), caput succedaneum and suspected sepsis refractory to multiple antibiotic regimes (SSRMAR) in a newborn has not been previously reported in the existing literature. Case Presentation We present a very rare combination of CM2 with hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, ICH and suspected sepsis in an eight-day-old Afghan boy. Clinically, the myelomeningocele, macrocephaly and caput succedaneum were observed at birth, followed by the development of ICH and SSRMAR during the first week of life. The diagnoses were established by history, physical examination, blood investigation, computed tomography and ultrasonography of the brain. After the management of SSRMAR and ICH, the patient was referred to the pediatric surgical ward for the management of hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele. Conclusion This case highlights a rare association of CM2 with intracranial hemorrhage and sepsis refractory to multiple antibiotic regimes in neonates.
Aslamzai et al. (Fri,) studied this question.