Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in cancer radioresistance, yet how they regulate ferroptosis to influence radiotherapy response remains poorly understood. Here, we show that HDAC4 promotes radiation resistance in lung cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis. Through a CRISPR screen in patient-derived organoids, we identify HDAC4 as a key mediator. Mechanistically, HDAC4 acts as an E3 SUMO ligase that SUMOylates MBD1, preventing its ubiquitination and degradation. Stabilized MBD1 represses TP53 and CYP1A1 transcription, thereby suppressing lipid reactive oxygen species formation and ferroptosis. To target HDAC4, we develop a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC), TP1, based on tasquinimod, which binds and degrades HDAC4 specifically, as confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and proteomics. TP1 exhibits stronger radiosensitizing effects than tasquinimod in lung cancer organoids and xenograft models. Our findings uncover HDAC4 as a suppressor of ferroptosis in radioresistance and present a PROTAC-based strategy to enhance radiotherapy efficacy. Posttranslational modification of proteins plays a role in radioresistance. Here the authors find that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) mediates radiation resistance in lung cancer by promoting MBD1 SUMOylation, leading to inhibition of lipid peroxidation as well as ferroptosis.
Cheng et al. (Mon,) studied this question.