Abstract The last few decades have indubitably advanced comparative research with non-human participants, often thanks to the implementation of digital interfaces. Nonetheless, the top-down application of anthropocentric designs - fitting animals to human-centered technology and scenarios - has gained almost unquestionable acceptance. This approach presents potential limitations regarding data quality and its impact on participants, caregivers, and researchers alike. We critically assess this situation, proposing the adoption of a bottom-up biocentric approach in which computer systems and test paradigms center around the animals’ behavior and cognition rather than vice versa. We combine this proposal with insights from iterative design to create biocentric computer apparatuses. By embracing a biocentric perspective, researchers can align study designs with animals’ natural tendencies rather than adapting the animals to fit methodologies and computer systems initially designed for humans. This approach recognizes ecological and cognitive factors unique to each species, prompting researchers to question whether current paradigms effectively capture the cognitive phenomena they intend to measure. As comparative research advances, incorporating more flexible, biocentric methodologies could yield more scientifically robust and ethically sound findings. While digital technologies remain a cornerstone of animal cognition research, we advocate for innovation beyond training animals towards human-centric paradigms. This shift invites a more nuanced and respectful understanding of animal cognition, aligning research objectives with the genuine interests and welfare of non-human participants.
Roth et al. (2026) studied this question.