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February 23, 2026Frontiers in Cardiovascular MedicineOpen Access

Risk stratification of hypertension in South Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis

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Why the study?

Evidence on hypertension risk factors in South Africa is scattered across study designs, limiting clinical decision support.

What are the strongest risk factors for hypertension in South Africa?

Comparison

Hypertension risk factors

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Key result

Advanced age (OR 3.67; 95% CI 1.7-7.6) and diabetes (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.39-2.46) were identified as the strongest risk factors for hypertension in South Africa.

Authors

MNMartins NwekeNGNalini GovenderJPJulian Pillay

Discussion

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Overview

Prioritizes older adults and diabetics for hypertension screening in South Africa; extends meta-analytic evidence to guide local prevention.

Study Design

Type

Meta-Analysis (n=49,058)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

What are the strongest risk factors for hypertension in South Africa?

P
Population
49,058 participants from 11 studies across nine provinces in South Africa
O
Outcome
Risk factors for hypertension

Main Result

Effect estimate: OR 3.67 (95% CI 1.7-7.6)

Advanced age and diabetes are the strongest risk factors for hypertension in South Africa, highlighting priority groups for screening and prevention.

Cite This Study

Nweke et al. (2026) conducted a meta-analysis in Hypertension (n=49,058). Risk factors (advanced age, diabetes, low education, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) was evaluated on Hypertension risk (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.7-7.6). Advanced age (OR 3.67; 95% CI 1.7-7.6) and diabetes (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.39-2.46) were identified as the strongest risk factors for hypertension in South Africa.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a17f050d990e918e6b4b43dhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1710798
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Developing and Validating Risk Algorithm for Hypertension in South Africa: Results from a Nationally Representative Cohort (2008–2017)2022 · 5 citations
  2. 2Hypertension Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in a South African Population2026
  3. 3Regional prevalence and spatial modeling of hypertension in South Africa2024 · 4 citations
  4. 4Race, geographical location and other risk factors for hypertension: South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011/122025
  5. 5A Delphi protocol for determining public health relevance of hypertension risk factors towards precision prevention in South Africa2026