ABSTRACT The expulsion of toxicant herbicides, such as atrazine, is one stream where advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) based on photocatalytic dopant material ensembles promise long-term water/wastewater treatment. This work assessed the efficacy of several dopant metallic oxides, specifically TiO₂-based materials assimilated with elements inculcating B, Fe, Ag, and Ce. The materialistic acquisitions were synthesised through sol-gel, hydrothermal, as well as electrospinning techniques, and their workability was evaluated underneath visible/ultraviolet light sources. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was investigated in connection with bandgap engineering, charge separation, and the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. The design of the reactor and the mechanical characteristics of the photocatalytic reactor, which was built especially for this study, are discussed. The reactor's falling-film structure maximizes mass transfer and light penetration, while in situ H 2 O₂ dosing enhances photo-Fenton synergy. Solar-simulated light may eliminate over 95% of synthetic atrazine-contaminated water in 60 minutes, according to experiments. Radical experiments identify hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide (O₂⁻•) as the primary reactive, whereas kinetic investigations demonstrated pseudo-first-order reaction behaviour. In treating wastewater containing atrazine, the results demonstrated the potential of doped photocatalytic materials as a sustainable solution with high removal efficiency, low secondary contamination, and operational robustness.
Sathish et al. (Fri,) studied this question.