What does this research mean for the field?

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an effective screening tool for reducing lung cancer mortality in high-risk populations, but its clinical application requires standardized strategies to mitigate associated risks such as false positives, overdiagnosis, and radiation exposure. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and risks associated with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening.

May 29, 2026Open Access

低剂量ct扫描技术在肺癌筛查中的诊断价值与风险评估

Key Points

This research aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and risks associated with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening.
Systematic review of large randomized controlled trials on LDCT screening efficacy.
Analysis of clinical guidelines and cost-effectiveness related to LDCT.
Discussion of potential risks including false positives, overdiagnosis, and radiation exposure.
LDCT significantly reduces lung cancer mortality rates among high-risk populations.
Identified potential risks of LDCT screening include false-positive results and psychological burden.
Recommendations for risk management strategies to enhance LDCT screening practices.

Abstract

肺癌是全球范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一，其早期症状隐匿，多数患者确诊时已处于中晚期，预后较差。因此，开展有效的早期筛查对于降低肺癌相关死亡率具有重要意义。近年来，低剂量计算机断层扫描（Low-DoseComputedTomography，LDCT）作为肺癌筛查的主要手段，在多项大型随机对照试验中被证实可显著降低高危人群的肺癌死亡率。然而，LDCT筛查亦伴随假阳性结果、过度诊断、辐射暴露及心理负担等潜在风险。本文系统综述LDCT在肺癌筛查中的诊断效能、临床应用指南、成本效益分析，并深入探讨其潜在风险及应对策略，旨在为临床实践提供科学依据，推动肺癌筛查的规范化与个体化发展。

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