Background/objective Low-dose computed tomography (CT) is used for lung cancer screening to detect small pulmonary nodules. Pre-operative localization is crucial for resecting small impalpable nodules; however, the comparative efficacy and safety of single-stage augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy (AFB) in the hybrid operating room (HOR) versus conventional two-stage localization and surgery in a standard operating room (OR) remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of single-stage AFB localization in the HOR compared with conventional two-stage localization and surgery for managing small pulmonary nodule resection. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 209 patients who underwent AFB localization in the OR (AFB-OR group) and HOR (AFB-HOR group), followed by thoracoscopic lung resection between July 2018 and June 2023. After propensity score matching, patients either underwent AFB-OR or AFB-HOR. We analyzed the patients’ demographic data, ground-glass nodule size, depth, and characteristics. Operation time, anesthesia time, radiation exposure, and length of hospital stay were compared between the groups. Results Overall, 120 patients were reviewed after propensity score matching: AFB-OR (n = 60) and AFB-HOR (n = 60). The AFB-HOR group had a shorter duration from localization to surgery; however, they required more time in the OR. Compared with the AFB-OR group, the AFB-HOR group had a greater total dose area product and exhibited obvious differences with multiple dyes. Conclusion Pre-operative AFB localization in the HOR facilitates precise and successful lung lesion resection. Despite longer operating time and higher radiation exposure, AFB localization in the HOR can shorten waiting times and admission periods.
Su et al. (2026) studied this question.