Impact of microelectronics manufacturing technologies on the reliability of electronic devices

A microchip is the main element of microprocessor technology, consisting of billions of transistors that are ones and zeros in modern digital systems. And for 50 years now, there has been an endless technological pursuit of reducing the size of these elements. Modern trends in the evolution of technologies in the field of communication systems have outlined the prospects and directions of many aspects of global development of mankind in the foreseeable future. The reduction in the mass and overall dimensions of microchips occurred constantly, and the number of transistor layers and their power doubled every two to three years. The use of lithography methods for a long time allowed to obtain the desired results, and the improvement of the technology of its use contributed to the constant development of digital systems. However, the efficiency of existing methods of creating microprocessor technology began to decline with the beginning of the twenty-first century. This became known as “Moore’s law”. Therefore, leading scientists in this field began to search for new methods of manufacturing microchips. Based on the wide range of industries where microprocessors are used, the issue of creating new methods of arranging microchips, which would contribute to their reduction, is relevant. The article considers options for existing methods for creating microchips and analyzes their shortcomings. The issue of developing innovative methods and methods for their practical implementation is studied. The prospects for further development of this industry are substantiated. Critical parameters that affect the reliability of microprocessor technology, including military ones, are determined. Numerical indicators of the mass and overall dimensions of microchips created using innovative methods are obtained and theoretical foundations for further development of the direction of lithography of semiconductor microelements are proposed.