What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate the extremely early presentation of cow's milk protein allergy in a neonate with rectal bleeding.

May 31, 2026Case Reports in Pediatrics0 citationsOpen Access

A Rare Case of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in a 12‐Hour Old Neonate With Rectal Bleeding

IKIsona Kakuchi ARAlexa Giroud Rivier EDEstelle Dubruc

Key Points

To investigate the extremely early presentation of cow's milk protein allergy in a neonate with rectal bleeding.
Descriptive case report of a neonate with hematochezia at 12 hours of life.
Evaluation of the infant's dietary exposure, including maternal cow's milk consumption.
Discussion of existing theories on food allergy development in neonates.
The infant exhibited hematochezia due to cow's milk protein allergy.
Symptoms began within 12 hours after birth, a rare occurrence.
Possible underlying mechanisms for early food allergy onset are examined.

Abstract

Hematochezia presenting in the neonatal period requires a thorough exploration of life‐threatening and benign pathologies, including food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIES). This non‐IgE–mediated food allergy is most commonly associated with cow’s milk protein (CMP). It classically presents in the first weeks to months of life, following the introduction of a cow’s milk–based formula or breast milk where the maternal diet includes cow’s milk. We present a rare case of extremely early onset of CMP‐induced proctocolitis, in a neonate presenting at 12 h of life with hematochezia. How does a food allergy develop at such a young age? We explore the current theories explaining this phenomenon.

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