What does this research mean for the field?

Hu's Cosmic Spacetime Origin Theory (HCSOT), a single scalar-tensor modified gravity framework, unifies dark matter and dark energy, resolves major cosmic tensions, and predicts a 5.5% to 8.0% enhancement in the Euclid DR1 weak-lensing matter power spectrum relative to the standard ΛCDM model. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.CHALLENGES_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to unify dark matter and dark energy within a modified gravity framework to address cosmic tensions such as the Hubble tension.

June 1, 2026Open Access

Hu's Cosmic Spacetime Origin Theory (HCSOT): A Unified Modified Gravity Framework for Dark Matter, Dark Energy, the Hubble Tension, and Cosmic Tensions — V8.6 with Pre-Registered Euclid DR1 Weak-Lensing Prediction (+5.5% to +8.0% at k=0.1 h/Mpc)

Key Points

The research aims to unify dark matter and dark energy within a modified gravity framework to address cosmic tensions such as the Hubble tension.
Developed HCSOT based on a scalar-tensor field with a density-dependent gravitational coupling; α ≈ 0.087.
Utilized Monte Carlo simulations with 10,000 realizations to validate predictions for Euclid DR1 weak-lensing.
Applied the Limber approximation to translate P(k) results into angular power spectrum Cₗ.
Predicted a +5.5% to +8.0% enhancement in weak-lensing matter power spectrum at k=0.1 h/Mpc compared to ΛCDM.
Achieved a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.3 in statistical analyses, indicating robust detection capability.
Demonstrated strong Bayesian evidence (ln B ≈ 4.8) in favor of HCSOT over ΛCDM model.

Abstract

Hu's Cosmic Spacetime Origin Theory (HCSOT) is a minimal modified gravity framework based on a single scalar-tensor field. Dark matter and dark energy are unified through density-dependent effective gravitational coupling with one additional free parameter (α ≈ 0. 087). The theory addresses the Hubble tension, S₈ tension, DESI DR2 dynamical dark energy, JWST early galaxies, SPARC galaxy rotation curves, cosmic void dynamics, and H0LiCOW strong-lensing time delays. Pre-registered prediction for Euclid DR1 (October 2026): +5. 5% to +8. 0% enhancement in the weak-lensing matter power spectrum at k = 0. 1 h/Mpc relative to ΛCDM (fiducial: +6. 4%). The Limber approximation is used to convert P (k) to the angular power spectrum C_ℓ. Detection threshold: 4%–5%. Signal-to-noise ratio: 5. 3 (statistical). Monte Carlo validation: 10, 000 realisations, 97. 7% exceed 5% threshold, 95. 3% within 5. 5%, 8. 0%. Cosmic variance contribution (~5%–8%) is discussed. Key features of V8. 6: · Complete linear scalar-tensor perturbation equations with explicit anisotropic stress σ_φ · Nonlinear saturation model honestly disclosed as empirical parametrisation; rigorous nonlinear solution remains an open problem · Observational evidence hierarchically classified: core prediction / consistency checks / auxiliary cross-checks · Five explicit falsification criteria and three physical prohibitions (no singularities, no heat death, no unbounded gravitational binding) · α = 0. 087 independently constrained by local H₀ (SH0ES + H0DN) and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN: α ≥ 0. 069, S = 1. 044) · 14 companion papers; 19 analysis scripts archived in separate code repository (DOI: 10. 5281/zenodo. 20104919) · Bayesian evidence: ln B ≈ 4. 8 (strong preference over ΛCDM) Version history: The original theoretical framework was first publicly archived as Version 1 on 10 April 2026. This V8. 6 (30 May 2026) is the final pre-Euclid-DR1 manuscript. No further revisions are planned unless factual errors are identified. Corrected manuscript PDF to V8. 6 Licence: CC BY 4. 0

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