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Synapse
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Synapse
June 1, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Loving a robot

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CMChris Meniw

Key Points

  • The paper investigates emotional relationships between humans and synthetic companions, examining both benefits and drawbacks.
  • Analysis of synthetic companion platforms such as Replika and Character AI.
  • Review of documented cases across various regions including Japan, the United States, Europe, and Latin America.
  • Proposing an ethical framework for the design and regulation of synthetic companions.
  • Identified positive psychological effects such as relief from loneliness and grief companionship.
  • Highlighted negative issues including dependency and the distortion of human relational expectations.
  • Proposed conditions that promote human well-being through effective design and regulation.

Abstract

This whitepaper addresses a growing phenomenon rarely discussed with the depth it deserves: emotional relationships between humans and synthetic entities. It analyses synthetic companion platforms (Replika, Character AI, others), documented cases in Japan, the United States, Europe and Latin America, and the observed psychological effects —both positive (relief of terminal loneliness, accompaniment in grief) and problematic (dependence, evasion of human bonding, distortion of relational expectations)—. An ethical framework is proposed that neither dismisses nor celebrates the phenomenon, but articulates conditions of design, consumption and regulation so these technologies accompany human well-being rather than eroding it. Implications for therapy, loneliness in elderly people, affective formation of young people and grief.

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Cite This Study

Chris Meniw (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1d234302fbce9130638df6https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20468245
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Loving an algorithm – the story of Replika and the limits of artificial intimacy2025
  2. 2“Forever and Always, My Love”: Emotions in Human–AI Romantic Relationship Building and Breakup With Generative AI Chatbot Replika2026 · 6 citations
  3. 3Finding love in algorithms: deciphering the emotional contexts of close encounters with AI chatbots2024 · 128 citations
  4. 4Functional intersubjectivity: Toward a well-being framework for AI companions2025
  5. 5Human-AI Relationships and Their Therapeutic Implications2025 · 1 citations