ABSTRACT In the context of China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets, developing low‐carbon land use strategies to mitigate land use conflicts has become a critical task. Taking the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei urban agglomeration as a case study, this study quantified land use carbon emissions by integrating the carbon‐emission coefficient method with nighttime light data. A multi‐objective suitability evaluation framework based on the analytic hierarchy process was then constructed to identify land use conflicts among agricultural, construction, and ecological land. On this basis, a coupled “conflict‐carbon emissions” zoning framework was developed to support differentiated regulation strategies. The results show that: (1) Land use carbon emissions exhibit a “high in the east and low in the west” pattern, with Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, and the Bohai Rim industrial belt forming high‐emission clusters, while the northwestern ecological conservation zone and southern agricultural areas display low‐emission characteristics. (2) Land use conflicts in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region are characterized by an overall predominance of low‐conflict areas, with agricultural‐construction conflicts being the most prominent. Specifically, agricultural‐construction conflicts are mainly concentrated in the urban expansion belts of the plains, agricultural‐ecological conflicts are primarily distributed in the Yanshan‐Taihang mountainous and hilly areas, and construction‐ecological conflicts mainly occur at the interface between built‐up land and key ecological spaces. (3) Based on the “conflict‐carbon emissions” composite zoning, the core Beijing‐Tianjin area and its surroundings should prioritize the renewal of existing developed land, green transformation, and strict ecological boundary control, the central and southern Hebei Plain should strengthen permanent basic farmland protection and optimize development space, and the northern ecological functional areas should emphasize ecological restoration, low‐intensity development, and the cultivation of eco‐friendly industries. This study enriches the understanding of low‐carbon transition from the perspective of land use conflict and provides methodological and policy insights for low‐carbon land use and territorial spatial governance in large urban agglomerations.
Li et al. (2026) studied this question.