Diabetes mellitus commonly referred as diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease that causes high blood sugar (glucose) levels.1 Glucose is the main source of energy for the body's cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin. The cells which produce insulin are beta cells. These cells are distributed in a cluster of cells in the pancreas called the Islets of Langerhans.2 It is silent killer disease and affects millions of people in the world. in diabetes mellitus there are different types those are type I type II and gestational diabetes and other types of diabetes mellitus.3 Type 2 diabetes appears much later in age than Type 1 diabetes and is the most common type of diabetes. It is also called as non-insulin-dependent, since it is not treated exclusively by the use of insulin, but mainly with pills. Gestational diabetes is a condition that arises during pregnancy and impacts around 3-9% of expectant mothers.4 For patients with T1DM, who make no insulin, the only pharmacologic option is replacement insulin, Gene therapy and stem therapy.5
Bhavitha* et al. (2026) studied this question.