Experimental Analysis of Mechanism of Steady State Caused by Extreme Earthquakes and Development of an Effective Stress Analysis Method for Sandy Soil

When designing railway structures to withstand extreme earthquake motion, it is necessary to evaluate the response of the ground using effective stress analysis. It is known that the “steady state” occurs during large soil deformation. In this steady state, shear strain increases while stress remains constant. Few studies to date have examined the steady state mechanism under actual ground conditions. This study examines the behavior of sandy soil under large deformation conditions using elemental tests with Toyoura sand. An effective stress analysis method which can reproduce the steady state behavior is then proposed.