Traditional inter-station crude oil heating processes rely heavily on fossil fuels, leading to high energy consumption and environmental pollution. To address this issue, this paper develops a dynamic thermal simulation model for a novel pipeline heating system that couples geothermal and solar energy. The model synergistically utilizes abundant solar energy and abandoned geothermal well resources in the Jilin region, and is applied to analyze the thermal performance of the Xinmiao Station on the Qingtie Fourth Line pipeline. The results show that the system achieves approximate thermal stabilization during long-term operation: the produced water temperature stabilizes at approximately 30.85 °C, and the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump remains above 4.79, demonstrating good stability. Solar energy contributes about 23.5% of the total annual heat supply (7.0 × 106 kWh) over 1600 effective hours, significantly reducing the annual electricity consumption of the heat pump and water pumps. The integration of solar energy effectively mitigates the decline in the average soil temperature; after 25 years, the soil temperature remains at approximately 54.43 °C. Through optimized configuration, the system reduces its life-cycle cost and levelized cost of heat (annual cost reduced by about 4.35%), showing excellent economic performance. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the coupled system exhibits outstanding energy efficiency and sustainability, providing technical support for the optimized design and engineering application of clean heating systems for crude oil pipelines. This paper contributes four novelties: first application of a coupled geothermal–solar system to a crude oil pipeline (Xinmiao Station, Qingtie Fourth Line); reuse of abandoned deep oil wells as geothermal boreholes to cut drilling costs; a 25-year dynamic simulation quantifying long-term soil temperature evolution and proving sustainability gains over a standalone geothermal system; and multi-scenario economic optimization identifying the optimal collector area under site land constraints. Based on these, a dynamic thermal simulation model is developed and its synergistic operation strategy is investigated, aiming to provide theoretical and technical support for clean-energy-driven crude oil heating.
Li et al. (2026) studied this question.