Abstract The present work investigates the flow and heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid (Water + MgO + TiO 2 ) in an inclined porous parallel-plate channel with temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. The model includes Darcy–Brinkman porous resistance, viscous dissipation, buoyancy due to inclination and an applied electromagnetic field. Regular perturbation is used to solve the governing equations after they are nondimensionalized. The properties of the hybrid nanofluid are represented using efficient thermophysical correlations. The findings demonstrate that adding a stronger electromagnetic field and raising the viscosity variation parameter both lower fluid velocity. On the other hand, a greater inclination angle, a stronger Brinkman heating, and an elevated pressure gradient all accelerate the flow. The temperature drops as the thermal-conductivity variation increases and the porosity or electromagnetic field strength increases, indicating greater thermal diffusion in the hybrid nanofluid. A comparison of Water + MgO, Water + TiO 2 , and Water + MgO + TiO 2 nanofluids reveals that the hybrid nanofluid has improved heat-transfer capability, resulting in lower temperatures and greater Nusselt numbers. Skin friction rises with viscosity variation parameter, pressure gradient, Brinkman number, and inclination angle, but decreases with greater electromagnetic fields and more porosity. Overall, the study shows that the Water + MgO + TiO 2 hybrid nanofluid is a viable option for sophisticated thermal-management systems, especially in solar-panel cooling and magnetically controlled heat-exchange applications. It also offers useful recommendations for improving technologies based on hybrid nanofluids.
Pavani et al. (Mon,) studied this question.