Synergistic CuO/MgO Nucleation for Low-Supercooling Na2SO4·10H2O in Battery Thermal Management

Key Points

• This research aims to reduce supercooling in sodium sulfate decahydrate by using CuO/MgO nucleation.
• Developed sodium sulfate composites with CuO/MgO nanostructures.
• Analyzed melting behavior under controlled conditions.
• Assessed thermal management performance in relevant applications.
• Significantly reduced supercooling in the modified composites compared to standard SSD.
• Improved thermal efficiency for battery management systems using the enhanced phase change material.