Two different methods were used to produce powdered cerium oxide (CeO2) and tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles. One uses the sol gel Acrylamide procedure, and the other uses Artemisia pallens leaves (cerium (III) nitrate) in a co-precipitation process. The generated SnO2 and CeO2 powders were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the sample powder was crystalline and had a single phase cubic structure. Due to the aggregation of individual particles, the broad peaks indicate both the nanosized crystal and the increase in crystallite size with temperature. Particle size variation, lattice strain, stress, and energy density were computed using a variety of methods, including the Williamson-Hall, Monshi, and Debye's Scherer methods. The tiny crystallite size and lattice strain caused the CeO2 nanoparticles' line broadening. The Scherer formula and modified versions of W-H analysis were used to investigate this broadening. Non-uniform strains in the particles are revealed by this variation in particle size, lattice strain, stress, and energy density. As the particle size increased, so did this non-uniform strain. Through the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CeO2 ultrafine nanopowder was found to include spherical particles with an average size of 4 to 16 nm. The average separation between two successive fringes in the High Resolution TEM pattern is 0.31 nm. Tin oxide and CeO2 nanoparticles that have been produced catalyze the photocatalytic destruction of MB. The pseudo first order rate constant of the MB dye was calculated for two distinct catalyst Nps based on the observation. Within 180 minutes, 19 mg/l cerium oxide caused the most degradation in the removal efficiency of MB dye using cerium, which indicates a higher efficiency (95%) compared to tin oxide catalysts (93%). The collected data show how photogenerated holes affect the dye's degradation mechanism. Using BET surface analysis techniques, cerium oxide material was examined while taking the photocatalytic activity efficiency findings into consideration. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) is a surface analysis technique that is essential for figuring out the particular surface area of a material. Surface area and pore diameters at different temperatures can be directly measured using this technique. The pore diameter ranged from 3 to 9 nm, with an average of no more than 10 nm. As the calcination temperature increased, the average pore size increased from 3.3 to 9.1 nm.
Ramanathan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.