The confrontation between Russia and Europe as a problem of philosophical (historiosophical) reflection

The subject of the study is the interpretation of the confrontation between Russia and Europe in native and foreign philosophical thought, considered in the historiosophical, civilizational, and axiological dimensions. The focus is on the ways of understanding Russia and Europe as special historical worlds that differ in their understanding of the meaning of history, cultural identity, value foundations of social life, and principles of world order. The hypothesis is being substantiated that the current escalation of relations between Russia and Europe can be interpreted as a manifestation of a deeper conflict that has previously been reflected in the history of philosophical thought. The study focuses on philosophical conceptions that consider Russia and Europe as bearers of different models of historical development and value self-determination. It aims to identify the inner foundations of this confrontation that go beyond political and geopolitical interpretations. The study aims to reconstruct the conceptual structures that have been used in philosophical traditions to understand the differences between Russia and Europe. The research is based on historic-philosophical, comparative, and hermeneutical methods, as well as civilizational and axiological approaches. Taken together, these methods allow to reconstruct philosophical interpretations of the confrontation between Russia and Europe, compare native and foreign models of its understanding, and examine this problem both in its historiosophical, civilizational, and axiological dimensions. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the confrontation between Russia and Europe is considered not only as a political or geopolitical phenomenon, but also as a multifaceted philosophical problem with historiosophical, civilizational, and axiological implications. The study demonstrates that the current confrontation between Russia and Europe can be understood as an actual manifestation of a long-standing philosophical debate about the meaning of history, the diversity of civilizational paths, and the limits of Western universalism. The novelty of the research also lies in the attempt to combine classical philosophical conceptions with modern thematic scientific interpretations, which allows to identify the continuity of the problem and its relevance in the 21st century. The study concludes that the current escalation of relations between Russia and Europe is not just a momentary political confrontation, but an actualization of a deep-seated conflict related to questions of historical identity, civilizational specificity, and worldview self-determination.