Anti-Inflammatory and Cell Survival Effects of Harpagophytum Procumbens (Devil’s Claw) on ARPE-19 Cells

Background: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of Harpagophytum procumbens on human adult retina pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) under oxidative stress conditions Methods: ARPE-19 cells were cultured under standard conditions and divided into four groups including (I) control (untreated), (II) hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), (III) Harpagophytum procumbens, and (IV) H₂O₂ + Harpagophytum procum-bens. ARPE-19 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative damage. The effects of Harpagophytum pro-cumbens extract were assessed by measuring tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and apoptotic activity.Results: Treatment with Harpagophytum procumbens significantly reduced pro-inflammatory (TNF-α), pro-angiogenic (VEGF-A), and oxidative DNA damage markers (8-OHdG, PARP-1), while also attenuating apoptosis in stressed ARPE-19 cells (p