Abstract The development of 5G, 6G communication demands enhanced security and high-power long-haul optical networks to achieve efficient bandwidth utilisation, along with maintaining an acceptable quality factor (Q-factor) and bit-error rate (BER) for long-distance transmission. This paper evaluates a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system that incorporates contemporary technology for long-haul communication. This paper presents the simulated design of two models on OptiSystem employing cubic root chirped-fibre Bragg gratings (CR-CFBG) with EDFA fibre in terms of performance metrics and scalability. Model I was tested across transmission distances of 120 km, 240 km, and 360 km with the NRZ and RZ. The proposed system achieves high Q-factors of 7.84, with a consistent BER of 1.47 × 10 −15 over 360 km as required. Model II was also tested across transmission distances up to 1,000 km (for the metro network) using NRZ. We achieved a favourable Q-factor of 6.34 and a BER of 1.05 × 10 −10 over 1,000 km. The transmission uses C+L band wavelengths (1,500–1,600 nm), and CR-CFBG works on the grating group-delay slope to trim the residual. The proposed CR-CFBG assisted DWDM system with EDFA demonstrates superior transmission performance by effectively compensating chromatic dispersion and enhancing signal amplification over long-haul links.
Soni et al. (Tue,) studied this question.