ABSTRACT The design of biomaterials with enhanced biological performance remains an important challenge in wound healing and tissue engineering. In this work, silk fibroin (SF) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films containing tri‐metal (Cu, Sr, and Mn) substituted hydroxyapatite (HCSM) were fabricated via the solvent casting method. The structural and elemental analysis confirmed a homogenous distribution of the dopants and the successful casting of HCSM/PVA/SF films. It was observed that the composite films showed physicochemical properties, such as high porosity, appropriate hydrophilicity, and sufficient mechanical strength supporting soft tissue engineering applications. Moreover, the material demonstrated strong antibacterial efficiency toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , antioxidant properties, good cytocompatibility with HEK and L929 cells, and hemocompatibility as well. It was observed that the addition of SF in the prepared composite films improved both physicochemical and biological properties. Furthermore, the synergic role played by Cu, Sr, and Mn as dopants in the matrix enhanced its overall performance. From the results obtained, the composite films containing SF proved to be bioactive, hemocompatible, and cytocompatible; therefore, they have potential to be used in the next generation of wound dressing materials and soft tissue engineering applications.
P et al. (2026) studied this question.