Abstract The observations from GRACE‐FO and DMSP satellites are utilized to analyze the ion‐neutral interaction near dusk during the 10–12 May 2024 super‐storm. The horizontal plasma convection dragged the anti‐sunward wind in the polar cap and sunward winds around the auroral and subauroral regions during whole storm times. The strong westward winds were observed below subauroral latitudes (∼35°S–45°N Mlat) after storm onset, and these westward winds disappeared after 23 UT on 10 May. Meanwhile, the penetration of auroral and subauroral electric fields could induce the westward plasma drifts in lower latitudes before 23 UT on 10 May. We suggested that the ion‐drag force of the westward penetration plasma drift is the possible source for the westward disturbance winds below the subauroral latitudes at 17–23 UT on 10 May. Thus, the horizontal plasma drifts drag horizontal winds from polar cap to equator in the main phase, which has been never observed.
Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.