More and more chemosensors and biosensors are turning to electronic transistors, as ideal transducers, precise in current response, miniaturized in size and capable of providing sub-picomolar detection limits. Among these devices, ISFET transistors - Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors, have the capacity of integrating ion-sensitive layers together with field effect transistors of ultimate generations. Recent studies have indicated that nanoporous materials deposited or grown within the transistor gate space offer a dual advantage - a favorable environment for an optimal capture of liquid state receptors through capillary effects, but also of direct anchoring of these nanoporous structures on Si-wafer. This article aims to review the constructive evolutions of ISFET transistors along with some newer nano-wire devices, along with their co-integration techniques with nanoporous materials, beneficial in the optimization of many chemosensors, but of enzymatic biosensors, in particular.
Ravariu et al. (2025) studied this question.