Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most transformative innovations in modern information technology, fundamentally altering how organizations design, deploy, and manage computing resources. By shifting from traditional on-premises infrastructure to scalable, internet-based services, cloud computing enables businesses to achieve unprecedented levels of efficiency, flexibility, and cost optimization. This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of cloud computing, including its evolution, architecture, service models, benefits, and challenges. It also highlights key issues such as data security, vendor lock-in, and regulatory compliance. A case study of Netflix’s cloud migration is included to demonstrate real-world implementation and scalability advantages. The paper concludes by exploring future trends such as edge computing, serverless computing, artificial intelligence integration, and green cloud computing, emphasizing the role of cloud computing as a strategic enabler of digital transformation.
Pillay et al. (2026) studied this question.