ABSTRACT Developing high‐performance, multifunctional films is essential for next‐generation flexible electronics and aerospace systems. Herein, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks reinforced with cellulose nanofibril‐modified liquid metal (CLM) are integrated into bacterial cellulose (BC) substrates to fabricate super‐strong, highly conductive CBC&AgM films. Benefiting from covalent crosslinking‐induced densification, these films exhibit a tensile strength of 501.57 MPa, a modulus of 11.89 GPa, and a toughness of 20.17 MJ m − 3 . Moreover, by introducing aligned nanofiber architectures through uniaxial pre‐stretching, the CABC&AgM films further enhance these properties, achieving a tensile strength of 1121.87 MPa, a modulus of 44.67 GPa, and a toughness of 33.09 MJ m −3 . Their specific tensile strength reaches 816.68 MPa cm 3 g − 1 , 3.34 times higher than that of titanium alloys. Additionally, the CLM‐reinforced AgNW conductive layers exhibit excellent electrical conductivity (15580.42 S cm −1 ), enabling outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, with an EMI SE of 59.80 dB and an SSE/t of 11645.14 dB cm 2 g −1 . These films also demonstrate rapid, stable Joule heating up to 259.37°C and effective deicing capability. This work provides a scalable, versatile strategy for producing robust, multifunctional films suited for flexible electronics, wearable devices, and intelligent transportation applications.
Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.