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February 28, 2026PharmaceuticalsOpen Access

Encapsulation of Bacteriophages in Alginate Beads: Improved Viability Under Harsh Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Conditions for Phage Therapy Applications

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Authors

SASally Ameen AlmekhlafiMFMohamed A. FarragMAMona S. Al-Wahibi

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Overview

Demonstrates improved stability of encapsulated bacteriophages in gastrointestinal conditions, suggesting effective oral delivery for therapy.

Key Points

  • The study investigates the potential of sodium alginate to encapsulate bacteriophages, improving their viability under harsh gastrointestinal conditions.
  • Isolated four lytic bacteriophages from wastewater.
  • Characterized phages using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and PCR.
  • Encapsulated phages in 5% sodium alginate using an extrusion method.
  • Assessed stability under extreme pH, temperature, and simulated gastrointestinal transit.
  • Encapsulation efficiency exceeded 95%.
  • Unencapsulated phages were inactivated at pH 2.0 within 10 minutes; encapsulated phages maintained 3.06–3.43 log PFU/mL viability.
  • Encapsulated phages showed enhanced survival under extreme alkaline conditions and elevated temperatures.
  • In simulated gastrointestinal transit, encapsulated phages had a recovery of 2.50 log PFU/mL versus ≤1 log PFU/mL for free phages.
  • Long-term storage confirmed robust stability of encapsulated formulations at 4 °C and 21 °C.

Cite This Study

Almekhlafi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a287b00a974eb0d3c038cdhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ph19030363
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