Abstract: The development of smart inhalers and nanotechnology-driven inhalation drug delivery systems has transformed the management of many respiratory diseases. Smart inhalers equipped with sensors and digital connectivity enable real-time monitoring, adherence tracking, and personalized dosing, addressing the key limitations of conventional inhalers. Nanotechnology-based approaches, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles, enhance drug solubility, targeted delivery, and sustained release profiles. The integration of these technologies has led to improved disease management and patient quality of life. Advantages of this system include deeper lung penetration, increased bioavailability, and reduced side effects. This review summarizes recent advancements in these technologies, their clinical applications, current challenges, regulatory approvals, and future directions for optimizing inhalation drug delivery systems.
Jagdale et al. (2026) studied this question.