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April 10, 2026MaterialsOpen Access

Optimizing the Utilization Rate and Performance of 3D-Printed Mortar with Dual-Size Recycled Sand

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Authors

JHJie HuangXWX. Q. WangQSQuanbin Shi

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Overview

Investigates the mechanical performance of recycled sand in 3D printing, suggesting optimal ratios for improved structural properties.

Key Points

  • The aim is to enhance the performance and utilization rate of recycled sand in 3D-printed mortar by varying sand particle sizes.
  • Analyzed the effects of different recycled sand particle size ratios on mortar performance.
  • Used material balance to determine the utilization rate of recycled sand.
  • Conducted mechanical tests including compressive and flexural strength assessments.
  • Employed scanning electron microscopy for microstructural analysis.
  • Performed Vickers microhardness testing for material quality evaluation.
  • Achieved a maximum recycled sand utilization rate of 84.3% with a 75% RS01 and 25% RS12 ratio.
  • Printed specimens demonstrated minimal tilt angles of 7.6° and 7.2% for 1:3 RS12/RS01 ratio.
  • Optimized mixture improved compressive strength by 36.5%, flexural strength by 40.7%, and interlayer splitting strength by 6.8%.
  • Minimum interfacial transition zone width measured at 46 µm for the optimal recycled sand combination.
  • Microhardness analysis confirmed enhanced material properties with larger particle size utilization.

Cite This Study

Huang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d896166c1944d70ce074b6https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19071478
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Sustainably 3D-Printing Mortar with Construction Residue Sand: Printability, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructural Mechanisms2026
  2. 2Utilizing Recycled Sand from Excavation Wastes for Sustainable Cement Mortar Production2024 · 3 citations
  3. 3Using Vacuum Mixing for 3D Printing of Mortars Made with Recycled Sand2025
  4. 4Sustainable 3D mortar printing: material optimization and ultrasonic characterization for enhanced construction performance2026
  5. 5Exploratory study on the rheological behaviour of 3D printable mortars incorporating fine recycled concrete aggregates (FRCA)2025