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April 15, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Q-ball soliton cosmology in a sextic potential: dark matter ratio, baryon asymmetry, and a testable dark energy equation of state

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IFIan James Fahy

Key Points

  • This research aims to explore the relationships between dark matter, baryon asymmetry, and dark energy within a framework using Q-ball solitons.
  • Developed a model using a complex scalar doublet field with a sextic symmetry-breaking potential.
  • Identified stable Q-ball solitons as constituents of dark matter and baryonic matter.
  • Derived correlations between dark matter-to-baryon ratios and baryon asymmetry using fundamental particle masses.
  • Established a dark matter-to-baryon ratio of 5.36:1.
  • Demonstrated a correlation between dark matter ratio and baryon asymmetry.
  • Proposed a parameter-free dark energy equation of state with w₀ = −1.153 and wₐ = −0.460, testable by DESI Year 5.

Abstract

A framework in which matter and dark matter are stable Q-ball solitons of a complex scalar doublet field with a sextic symmetry-breaking potential, occupying distinct vacuum states. False-vacuum Q-balls constitute dark matter; true-vacuum Q-balls constitute ordinary matter. From two inputs — the electron mass and Planck mass — the framework derives: a mechanism consistent with the dark matter-to-baryon ratio 5.36:1; a locked correlation between the dark matter ratio and baryon asymmetry; a parameter-free dark energy equation of state (w₀ = −1.153, wₐ = −0.460) testable by DESI Year 5; and the SU(3) colour group from rotating wave energy minimisation. All outstanding gaps are explicitly identified.

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Cite This Study

Ian James Fahy (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69df2a99e4eeef8a2a6afa33https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19551599
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