Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative platform to address critical challenges in energy generation, storage, and environmental remediation. Its unique size-dependent physicochemical properties enable enhanced performance in renewable energy systems, pollutant degradation, water purification, and air remediation. Nanomaterials such as carbon-based nanostructures, metal oxide nanoparticles, and nanocomposites exhibit superior catalytic activity, adsorption capacity, and electrical properties compared to conventional materials, thus offering pathways to more efficient and sustainable solutions. This paper reviews recent advancements, highlights experimental strategies, and discusses opportunities and challenges for integrating nanotechnology into scalable energy and environmental applications.
S et al. (2026) studied this question.