Constitutionalism in Russia. From Special Modes of Governance to Constitutional Normalcy

Abstract The 30th anniversary of the Russian Constitution is an occasion to reflect and reaffirm the principles of constitutionalism in current challenging conditions. Its adoption was not the result of the democratic process that started in 1990 and continued through 1992, but rather the outcome of a drawn-out violent struggle in 1993. Russia still lives as if in a state of exception. A coalition of ruling interests rather than a living constitutionalism set government policy and strategy. The 2020 constitutional amendment has strengthened the special mode of governance, thus exacerbating pre-existing deformities. Yet what is to be done? The author, member of parliament and Executive Secretary of the Constitutional Commission of the Congress of People’s Deputies from 1990 to 1993, calls for a shared civic constitutional identity. This can be achieved by building up a balanced constitutional normalcy within the framework of peaceful coexistence between all socio-political groups. He argues that constitutionalism is a wellspring of social stability and government legitimacy. The recognition of traditional values as universal constitutional values may provide an opportunity for building bridges in a divided society, reinvigorating core state institutions, expanding democratic participation, and reviving public debate, co-operation and oversight.