The increasing deployment of interconnected devices in Smart Cities and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments has significantly enhanced operational efficiency, automation, and real-time data analytics. However, this rapid digitization also introduces complex security and privacy challenges, particularly in the handling of sensitive data across heterogeneous and resource-constrained networks. This review explores the current landscape of privacy-preserving protocols designed for Smart City and IIoT infrastructures. We examine state-of-the-art approaches including lightweight cryptographic schemes, secure data aggregation, anonymous communication protocols, and blockchain-based frameworks. The paper also analyzes practical trade-offs between security, latency, and computational overhead in real-world deployments. Open research challenges such as secure interoperability, privacy in federated learning, and resilience against AI-driven cyberattacks are discussed. Finally, the paper outlines promising research directions and technologies that can enable scalable, secure, and privacy-aware network infrastructures for future urban and industrial ecosystems.
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Manuel José Cabral dos Santos Reis
Electronics
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro
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Manuel José Cabral dos Santos Reis (Fri,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/696c776ceb60fb80d1395bbc — DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020399