A Rare Adverse Effect of Methotrexate Mimicking Disease Progression in Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides: a case report

Introduction: Cutaneous ulceration is an uncommon adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX). This complication has been rarely described in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and, to date, has not been reported in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF). Case Report: A 66-year-old Thai man with stage IB FMF achieved excellent clinical improvement with low-dose MTX therapy for 13 months. He subsequently developed disseminated erythematous papules, plaques, and necrotic ulcers on the extremities. Laboratory evaluation revealed mild anemia, and microbial cultures were negative. Histopathologic examination demonstrated epidermal dysmaturation with necrotic keratinocytes, infiltration by eosinophils and neutrophils, and atypical lymphocytes with features consistent with FMF—findings suggestive of MTX-induced ulceration rather than tumor progression. Discontinuation of MTX led to dramatic resolution within two weeks, after which the patient was transitioned to acitretin, resulting in sustained disease control. Conclusion: This case highlights MTX-induced cutaneous ulceration as a rare adverse event in FMF that can mimic disease progression. Recognition of the characteristic histopathologic features facilitates accurate diagnosis. Early discontinuation of MTX leads to rapid resolution, underscoring the importance of prompt recognition and management.