Progress in Engine Carbon Deposition Prevention Strategies: From Evolutionary Mechanisms, Preventive Measures to Removal Strategies

Carbon deposits remain difficult to remediate because conventional removal methods suffer from intrinsic limitations-including low efficiency, high energy consumption, and substrate damage-which hinder their practical application. Critically, the research paradigm has predominantly focused on "postformation removal" while largely neglecting the more fundamental strategy of "source prevention". Furthermore, a systematic review that applies cutting-edge interdisciplinary concepts, such as bionics, to the comprehensive prevention and control of engine carbon deposition remains a notable gap in the literature. This paper aims to fill this void by introducing, a novel research framework centered on "source prevention". This framework transcends conventional removal techniques by systematically focusing on two cutting-edge strategies: bionic antiadhesion textures and functional antideposition coatings. This review not only systematically examines the formation mechanisms of carbon deposits and the limitations of current removal technologies but, more importantly, pioneers a paradigm shift from "passive removal" to "active defense". We are confident that this interdisciplinary perspective will provide theoretical guidance for the intelligent, efficient, and durable design of engines, propelling the field toward more forward-looking directions.