Modular engineering of thermoresponsive allosteric proteins

Abstract Thermogenetics enables noninvasive spatiotemporal control over protein activity in living cells and tissues, yet its applications have largely been restricted to transcriptional regulation and membrane recruitment. Here, we present a generalizable strategy for engineering thermosensitive allosteric proteins through the insertion of optimized Avena sativa LOV2 domain variants. Applying this approach to a diverse set of structurally and functionally unrelated proteins in Escherichia coli , we generated potent, thermoswitchable chimeric variants that can be tightly controlled within narrow temperature ranges (37–41 °C). Extending this strategy to mammalian systems, we engineered CRISPR–Cas genome editors directly modulated by subtle temperature changes within the physiological range. Lastly, we showcase the incorporation of a chemoreceptor domain as an alternative thermosensing module, suggesting thermosensitivity to be a widespread feature in receptor domains. This work expands the toolkit of thermogenetics, providing a blueprint for temperature-dependent control of virtually any protein of interest.