A Computational Approach to Integrated Drive Generator System Performance in Aircraft using MATLAB/Simulink

Integrated Drive Generators (IDG) have been widely used in civil and military aircraft's electrical generation and distribution systems for over 25 years due to their efficiency and power density in different aircraft models. Modeling and simulation of IDG systems are essential for reducing maintenance costs and enabling real-time testing of power system behavior under different operational conditions. MATLAB/Simulink provides an effective simulation framework for analyzing the continuous electrical power generation needs in aircraft, offering ease of use and rapid performance evaluation. This study developed and validated an IDG aircraft electrical system model using the MATLAB/Simulink toolset, incorporating key components such as power supplies, power conversion, power distribution, and electrical loads. The IDG power generation system used in conventional aircraft models was simulated to analyze its operational characteristics under varying load conditions, rotor speed fluctuations, and fault scenarios. The results demonstrated that the system successfully maintained a stable output frequency of 400 Hz, with terminal voltages consistently regulated at 115V, ensuring compatibility with aircraft power distribution standards. The stator currents exhibited smooth sinusoidal waveforms with minimal harmonic distortion, confirming the synchronous generator’s stable operation. Moreover, the model effectively responded to transient failures, recovering within 0.5 seconds and dynamically adjusting rotor speed and voltage levels to maintain power continuity. The validated MATLAB/Simulink model aligns closely with theoretical predictions and real-world aircraft data, confirming its applicability for design validation, performance optimization, and predictive maintenance strategies in aircraft power systems. The findings of this study contribute to advancements in aircraft electrical system modeling, enhancing reliability, safety, and operational efficiency in aviation technology.