From Theatre to Cinema: A Study of The Fire and the Rain and Agnivarsha

Indian cinema’s engagement with literature and theatre is not a new phenomenon. Some Indian filmmakers have mastered the art of making stories rooted in culture and tradition reach a wider audience by adapting plays, myths, and literary texts into films. This paper examines the adaptation of Girish Karnad’s play The Fire and the Rain into the film Agnivarsha, directed by Arjun Sajnani, to understand how theatre transforms when it enters the space of cinema and popular culture. The paper looks at how the move from theatre to cinema changes the way the story is told through visuals, music, performance, and narrative structure. While the play depends largely on dialogue, symbolism, and the audience’s imagination, the film presents these elements through landscapes, song and dance sequences, and visual scenes. The paper discusses how these cinematic additions make the story more accessible and engaging for contemporary audiences, while also altering the depth and meaning of certain moments from the original play. Special attention is given to the treatment of mythology, caste concerns, emotional conflicts, and character development in both the play and the film. The paper also highlights how some symbolic and philosophical aspects of the play are simplified in the film version to suit cinematic expectations. By comparing the play and its film adaptation, the paper shows how cinema reshapes theatrical works to reach a wider and more popular audience. It highlights adaptation as an important cultural practice that reshapes literary works to suit changing audiences and media forms.