Demographic, Circumstantial, and Geographic Patterns of Firearm-related Homicides and Suicides in Mississippi, 2021-2023

Background: Firearm violence ranks among the leading causes of death in Mississippi. Understanding its demographic, circumstantial, and geographic patterns is essential to inform prevention efforts. Purpose: To describe demographic, circumstantial, and geographic patterns of firearm-related homicides and suicides in Mississippi during 2021–2023 using Mississippi Violent Death Reporting System (MSVDRS) data. Methods: Percentages and crude rates of firearm-related homicides and suicides were analyzed by demographic characteristics for 2021–2023. z tests assessed rate differences between years. Chi-square (χ²) tests compared proportions of decedents with specified precipitating circumstances for 2022 versus 2021 and 2023 versus 2021. County-level crude rates were mapped to visualize geographic disparities. Results: Firearm-related homicides were concentrated among younger Black males, most often precipitated by arguments, crime-related activity, or intimate partner problems, with the highest rates in the capital area and western Mississippi, particularly the Delta region. Firearm-related suicides primarily involved older White males and were frequently associated with mental health problems, depressed mood, or substance use. These deaths were most common in central, northeastern, and southwestern rural and mixed rural–suburban counties. Conclusion: Firearm-related deaths remain a major public health concern in Mississippi, highlighting the importance of community-based prevention, mental health support, and ongoing MSVDRS surveillance to guide targeted interventions.